Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 8;Matthews A(1), Haas DM, O\u2019Math\u00fana DP, Dowswell T.<\/div>\n

BACKGROUND:<\/strong> Nausea, retching and vomiting are very commonly experienced by women\u00a0in early pregnancy. There are considerable physical, social and psychological\u00a0effects on women who experience these symptoms. This is an update of a review of\u00a0interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy last published in 2014.\u00a0OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of all interventions for\u00a0nausea, vomiting and retching in early pregnancy, up to 20 weeks\u2019 gestation.\u00a0SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group\u2019s Trials\u00a0Register, the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field\u2019s Trials Register (19 January\u00a02015) and reference lists of retrieved studies.\u00a0SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised controlled trials of any intervention for\u00a0nausea, vomiting and retching in early pregnancy. We excluded trials of\u00a0interventions for hyperemesis gravidarum, which are covered by another Cochrane\u00a0review. We also excluded quasi-randomised trials and trials using a cross-over\u00a0design.\u00a0DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Four review authors, in pairs, reviewed the\u00a0eligibility of trials and independently evaluated the risk of bias and extracted\u00a0the data for included trials.\u00a0MAIN RESULTS: Forty-one trials involving 5449 women, met the inclusion criteria.\u00a0These trials covered many interventions, including acupressure, acustimulation,\u00a0acupuncture, ginger, chamomile, lemon oil, mint oil, vitamin B6 and several\u00a0antiemetic drugs. There were no included studies of dietary and other lifestyle\u00a0interventions. Evidence regarding the effectiveness of P6 acupressure, auricular\u00a0(ear) acupressure and acustimulation of the P6 point was limited. Acupuncture (P6\u00a0or traditional) showed no significant benefit to women in pregnancy. The use of\u00a0ginger products may be helpful to women, but the evidence of effectiveness was\u00a0limited and not consistent, though three recent studies support ginger over\u00a0placebo. There was only limited evidence from trials to support the use of\u00a0pharmacological agents including vitamin B6, Doxylamine-pyridoxoine and other\u00a0anti-emetic drugs to relieve mild or moderate nausea and vomiting. There was\u00a0little information on maternal and fetal adverse outcomes and on psychological,\u00a0social or economic outcomes.We were unable to pool findings from studies for most\u00a0outcomes due to heterogeneity in study participants, interventions, comparison\u00a0groups, and outcomes measured or reported. The methodological quality of the\u00a0included studies was mixed. Risk of bias was low related to performance bias,\u00a0detection bias and attrition bias for most studies. Selection bias risk was\u00a0unclear for many studies and almost half of the studies did not fully or clearly\u00a0report all pre-specified outcomes.\u00a0AUTHORS\u2019 CONCLUSIONS: Given the high prevalence of nausea and vomiting in early\u00a0pregnancy, women and health professionals need clear guidance about effective and\u00a0safe interventions, based on systematically reviewed evidence. There is a lack of\u00a0high-quality evidence to support any particular intervention. This is not the\u00a0same as saying that the interventions studied are ineffective, but that there is\u00a0insufficient strong evidence for any one intervention. The difficulties in\u00a0interpreting and pooling the results of the studies included in this review\u00a0highlight the need for specific, consistent and clearly justified outcomes and\u00a0approaches to measurement in research studies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 8;Matthews A(1), Haas DM, O\u2019Math\u00fana DP, Dowswell T. BACKGROUND: Nausea, retching and vomiting are very commonly experienced by women\u00a0in early [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bibliografia-ginger-mamma"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pharmarte.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/318","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pharmarte.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pharmarte.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pharmarte.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pharmarte.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=318"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.pharmarte.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/318\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":319,"href":"https:\/\/www.pharmarte.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/318\/revisions\/319"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pharmarte.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pharmarte.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pharmarte.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}